The new discovery can play a key role in developing new, fast, and low-energy microchips.

"Scientists have uncovered how tiny magnetic waves can produce electric signals inside materials, potentially transforming computing efficiency. University of Delaware engineers have shown that magnetic waves called magnons can create electric signals, bridging two key forces in computing. Their work points toward chips that operate faster and more efficiently by eliminating wasted energy. Credit: Shutterstock. " (ScitechDaily, This Magnetic Discovery Could Be the Key to Ultrafast, Low-Energy Chips)

The discovery is named magnon, or actually. It is the magnon's ability to transmit magnetic waves in structures. “A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice. In the equivalent wave picture of quantum mechanics, a magnon can be viewed as a quantized spin wave. Magnons carry a fixed amount of energy and lattice momentum, and are spin-1, indicating they obey boson behavior.” (Wikipedia, Magnon) 

The ability to transmit information between atoms, or atomic-scale quantum dots, requires methods that don’t disturb the material. The magnetic wave that travels between atoms doesn’t cause as much heat as regular electric flows. Magnetic waves don’t oscillate matter as much as electricity. And that makes it possible to create smaller and smaller microchips. One of the problems with computers is heat. Every time electricity travels through a wire, it faces resistance. The thing. That causes resistance. This is the so-called Hall effect. 

There is a small part of electricity that jumps backward from atoms and forms a standing wave. So, for jumping through that standing wave or potential barrier, the system must pump more and more energy into the wave. The standing wave acts like a dam. That collects energy behind it. And that effect continues until energy can travel over that dam. This is why wires should be kept as short as possible. In the small microchips. Even a small anomaly. Has a big effect. 

The problem with superconductors is that the superconducting microchip cannot control electric flow in the same way as a semiconductor. In semiconductor. Electric impulses control the electrical flow by adjusting the resistance in the semiconductor. The semiconductor is an insulator and a conductor. At the same time. That ability is needed at the gate. When a semiconductor is in the state of an insulator. That point will not let electricity travel through it. That means the gate is closed. And when the semiconductor is in the conductor state, the gate is open. And electricity can travel through it. And when the gate is closed, the state in the wire is zero. When the gate is open, the state in the wire is one. 

In superconducting microchips, the laser can be used to make those gates. The laser system can heat the superconducting material. And that removes superconductivity. The laser system forms a gate in the superconductor. The problem with those systems is that they need very low energy levels. If the energy level in the impulse is too high. That means energy travels over that thermal gate. The superconducting computer. It can be the answer to compact AI systems. Those microchips make it possible to create laptops and even pocket-sized systems. That can have a calculating capacity. That beats some of the supercomputers. Those systems require pocket-sized superconducting technology. And maybe. Nano-sized pressure and cooling systems can turn them into reality.

https://scitechdaily.com/this-magnetic-discovery-could-be-the-key-to-ultrafast-low-energy-chips/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor

The new membrane that can turn droplets into electricity can turn the “perpetual motion machine” into reality.

“ Researchers have developed a floating generator that harvests electricity from raindrops using water itself as a structural and electrical component. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Floating Device That Harvests Energy From Raindrops)

At the beginning of this text, I must say that the Archimedean perpetual motion machine is not a real perpetual motion machine. The system basis is that. The capillary effect pulls water to the upper tank, and then the system allows it to flow over the generator wheel. And then that water will flow to the lower pool. That system is based on the lower pressure that pulls water to the upper level. And that’s why it's not the real perpetual motion machine that recycles all energy into it. 

The membrane that forms electricity from droplets can make the “Archimedean perpetual motion machine” real.  In the original version, the system uses the capillary effect to pull water to the upper tank. And then that water will be put to flow into the lower tank through the Archimedes’ Screw. That kind of system should rotate the mill wheel. And it's possible. That this kind of system could someday. Rotate some kind of generator. In the original version, this system should rotate the millstone. But the friction denied its working. 

“The conventional droplet electricity generator (C-DEG) uses a metal bottom electrode and a rigid substrate, and is generally employed on land. In contrast, the new water-integrated floating droplet electricity generator (W-DEG) uses water as the bottom electrode and substrate to enable land-free applications and promote scalability. Credit: Science China Press” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Floating Device That Harvests Energy From Raindrops)

Above. A typical  “perpetual motion machine” was created by using Archimedes’ screw. The problem with the system was the friction. But maybe today. Things like bearings could also make this kind of system possible. The system is based on the difference between pressure levels. It is possible if it gets enough energy from the water flow. It can replace the energy that it uses for work. The creators. must rise to a fall height of water. Or they must increase the water flow in Archimedes’ screw. Or they must change the work. Their machine must do. Grinding grains is the work. That causes lots of friction. 

Modern technology can change that problem. New nanomaterial makes it possible. To create membranes that can change droplets into electricity. The system can be based either on chemistry or on large groups of small propellers or millwheels that allow the droplets to rotate them. 

This kind of invention can turn energy production more effective. When we think about cases, there are droplets of rain that form energy. We can think that these kinds of systems can form something that we can call “perpetual motion machine”. 

The closed cycle system. The membrane that creates energy from droplets in the closed tank can offer a new type of  energy source. The sun will vaporize water, and the vapor condenses on the roof of the tank. Then those droplets drop onto that membrane. And that system can create energy in the desert. Another version could be a system that pulls water to the roof using lower pressure. Then that water would be dropped on the membrane. Those kinds of things. It can have interesting uses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-floating-device-that-harvests-energy-from-raindrops/

The future of anti-drone and anti-satellite systems is based on microwave and laser systems.

MQ-20 with laser (TWZ)

Today, the systems that destroy drones are based on laser-guided rockets. Those rockets deliver fragments around them. And that should destroy drones. The limit is that if a drone flies very close to infrastructure. Those fragments can cause damage to the power lines and other things. Those rockets can also be used against unarmed targets. Like small vehicles and infantry formations. But the drone defense requires new and more effective systems. The drone swarm can involve thousands of drones. And that means there is a possibility that the defense runs out of ammo. 

The answer to that problem could be microwave and laser weapons. High-flying drones like MQ-20 “Avenger”. It can carry a laser weapon above the battlefield. The laser weapon can shoot down low-flying drones from above. The idea of that system is based on the idea of a laser and an observation platform that can be quite slow. Can fly above the battlefield. 

NKC-135 ALL (Airborne Laser Laboratory)

YAL-1A Airborne Laser in flight with the mirror unstowed.

The Beriev A-60 has quite similar systems. To YAL-1. The Lidar searches the target for the main laser weapon. The weapon can be easily changed, because the system tests different types of lasers. 

That system can shoot down or damage most modern aircraft. The platform itself. Can have solar panels. And electric engines. The system would be made using stealth material. These kinds of systems are hard targets because radar has problems finding them. The laser weapon can destroy incoming missiles. 

There were plans to create high-flying laser planes in the early 21st century. There were many tests using modified Boeing 747 (YAL-1) and NKC-135 aircraft to carry and use laser weapons against ballistic missiles. Russians created the Beriev A-60 plane for the same purpose. The Beriev is still operational. The problem is that even if those systems cannot destroy ballistic missiles. They can be. A very big threat. To the low-flying satellites. 

The high-flying, powerful laser systems can also operate against hypersonic, atmospheric missiles. The laser weapon. That is, airborne at high altitude can operate against both. Drone swarms and low-orbiting satellites. The high-altitude laser systems. They are a threat to the targeting and many other satellites. Those systems can also be used against other aircraft. 

https://www.twz.com/air/laser-guided-rockets-now-primary-anti-drone-weapon-for-usaf-jets-in-middle-east

https://www.twz.com/air/mq-20-avenger-depicted-with-laser-weapon-in-its-nose-a-sign-of-whats-to-come

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_Laser

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_A-60

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_NC-135

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_YAL-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-20_Avenger

New, cheap private flying vehicles are interesting tools.

Four Jetson ONEs racing - Jetson/YouTube

The first personal flying vehicles from Jetson are very interesting. New technology and materials are tools that make it possible. To create cheap, personal aerial vehicles. Those vehicles can bring new winds into transportation. In private. professional and military use. Those small aerial vehicles can transport people between their homes and workplaces. 

They can transport medical teams and their equipment to their customers. And those systems can transport military operators to their operational areas. And then those systems can fly away. The small, personal aerial vehicles can transport injured people over the rush. 

And they can also transport people out of the hatch of the VTOL aircraft. Like V-22 “Osprey”. That means they could replace parachutes in some missions. They can also transport equipment. Those small systems can also transport people to the roofs. And they can serve rescue crews. In the case of fire. That ability causes a situation. The security systems must be re-estimated. The bandits can slip into the building from the roof windows. And they can travel to the roofs by using those small aerial systems. 

Flying cars have been introduced. That term means cheap. Personal aerial vehicles. But there is a possibility of making flying motorcycles. Those systems can make the Imperial patrol speeder bikes from the Star Wars movies possible. The system can involve a quadcopter. And maybe a jet engine. That gives more speed. 

Using the quadcopter technology. There is a possibility of making these kinds of systems in garages. Private people can create those large-scale quadcopters. And there is always the possibility of being equipped. Those small aerial vehicles. By using light machine guns and bazookas. Or small anti-tank missiles or Stinger missiles. That makes them dangerous in the wrong hands.

https://currently.att.yahoo.com/att/worlds-first-jetson-personal-aerial-114500815.html

Osmotic engine.

Above: Osmotic engine diagram. 

“Osmotic power plants harness the same principle as osmosis: water moving from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one across a semipermeable membrane. At Fukuoka, electricity is produced from the salinity gradient between two streams placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane. 

On one side, there is concentrated seawater created by extracting fresh water; on the other, treated water from a sewage treatment facility. The membrane allows water to pass but blocks impurities. As water naturally moves toward the saltier side, pressure builds and is used to spin a turbine, which then drives a generator.

The osmotic engine can give.  A big advance in nanotechnology. And that system can also revolutionize energy production, if full-scale osmotic systems can be produced someday. The osmotic engine's basis is in osmosis. When there is a semi-permeable membrane between two liquids. Another is a strong salt mixture, and the other is a weaker mixture. Water travels from a weak concentration. To the strong concentration. The flow continues until those concentrations have the same salt content. “ (Interesting Engineering, Inside Asia’s first osmotic power plant: How Japan turns saltwater into electricity )

There is a possibility of using osmosis as a power source. Those systems are tested in Japan and Denmark.

The semi-permeable membrane can have nano-sized propellers in the holes. The water flows between those concentrations. And puts those propellers into motion. Nano-propellers make nano-sized generators rotate. The problem is that. It is needed. A lot of those nano-sized systems. This makes those systems hard to make.

In some other versions. Osmosis drives liquid into the other side of the piston. There, that membrane makes a “window”. This allows the osmotic reaction, which raises the piston. 

On a large scale. There are plans. To create closed-cycle osmotic engines. The idea is that the osmotic engine makes water flow. Through that membrane. The system takes energy from that movement. Then the system can use the capillary effect. To flow that liquid up. Then the system drops liquid through another membrane. This separates salt from water. Then that separated salt will be driven to the chamber where there is a stronger concentration. 

The osmosis engine is one of the things. That can be the power source of the future. The system can give energy to things. Like small-scale underwater systems. The system must only filter salt from the water flow. Then it drives that distilled water under the membrane. And then the osmotic force pulls. That distilled water passes through the membrane to the salt water. There is also a possibility to connect. The small-sized underwater robot movement. 

To this system. The system can drive distilled water behind the osmotic, or semi-permeable membrane. Then that water travels. To a stronger salt concentration. This forms the pushing effect. This kind of system. There is a membrane that removes salt from water. Making an osmotic pressure. Pushing those nano-robots forward can revolutionize the movement. The membrane can make the cleaning process by moving back and forth. Then that weaker salt concentration travels to the nanomachines' osmotic membrane. These kinds of systems can enable nanomachines to move very well.  The osmotic systems can be used. In small robot submarines. That should move in the blood vessels. 

https://interestingengineering.com/energy/asias-first-osmotic-power-plant

https://www.kt.dtu.dk/newsarchive/2023/02/the-power-of-osmosis

https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/7/4/232

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100024423A1/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128236901000101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_power

Acoustic waves are the new observation tools.

Acoustic-wave noninvasive BCI." (SPJ, The Emergence of Functional Ultrasound for Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interface)

AI will revolutionize observation technology. Sam Altmann’s new startup researches the ability to use acoustic waves to read brains. This new type of Brain-computer interface, BCI, doesn’t need surgery or microchips. Just acoustic waves that read the mind. The system observes the behavior of the neurons, or maybe it sees the neurotransmitters using acoustic-optical inspection. The system uses highly accurate sonar signals to observe the brain shell. 

The AI can analyze those functions and make it possible to create a system that reads minds, using acoustic waves. The system will transmit acoustic waves into the brain. The system analyzes the reflected waves. This makes it possible. To create a BCI system. That acts without knives and electromagnetic signals. 

The point at which that system directs the observation signal is not specified. Researchers can use acoustic signals to observe blood vessels and tissues; however, the challenge lies in determining the optimal frequency and wavelengths. When an acoustic system creates a sound wave, or an acoustic wave, it must use a wavelength that is smaller than the observable target. 

And this means that the system must have a transmitter that is smaller than the observable object. New materials. Like triangle-shaped graphene and fullerene are tools that can be used to make very sharp acoustic tools. In some models, the fullerene balls form so-called quantum lanterns. There is some atom in the fullerene ball, and then the system injects energy into that atom or molecule. Then that molecule sends an energy signal outside the system. The system can consist of two fullerene balls, or nano-lanterns. That makes them the nano-sized fullerene doppler system. 

By using fullerene nanotubes and the linear atom chains, where atoms are in a straight line. Makes it possible to use this system. As the nano-sized LRAD system. Or “sound cannon”. Those very high-accurate signals can make it possible to see incredibly small structures. In a triangle-shaped graphene. The system focuses energy into one point. If there is some other material. Where that graphene structure injects energy. That makes another material oscillate. The biggest difference. Between acoustic and electromagnetic waves. Is the thing. that transmits energy. Acoustic waves are molecular and atomic movements. 

And in electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic fields are moving. An electromagnetic wave can transform into an acoustic wave. When a laser wave injects energy into the graphene structure, that structure starts to oscillate. We hear that oscillation as sound waves. In monoatomic structures, the energy impulse that hits the bottom of the structure creates phenomena called phonons. 

A phonon is a so-called quantum acoustic wave. That allows for the transmission of energy into the structures with a very high accuracy. That kind of system can allow. An acoustic signal transmission from the triangle-shaped graphene to the larger graphene layer with one-atom accuracy, if the tip of that triangle is one atom in size. 

There are tests that the small particles will be driven to the organs. And then the system puts them to oscillate. Those particles send oscillations as an acoustic wave through the structure. That makes acoustic waves that the system sees as the image. Denser points change the acoustic wave behavior. And that makes an image for the system. If an acoustic wave causes the cell’s proteins to oscillate. That makes it possible to observe those cells by analyzing those waves. 

When the system pumps energy into the fullerene ball. That ball releases that energy into the wavelength that is the same as the fullerene ball. Fullerene is a monoatomic carbon structure. And can those atoms send separate waves, depending on the question, can those waves unite into one entirety? Anyway, those atoms form standing waves between them. 

But if we put one carbon atom into our fullerene lantern and inject energy into that atom, the atom sends an energy impulse to the fullerene ball and makes its carbon atom structure oscillate. That oscillation forms standing waves in the chemical bonds. The point. The standing wave form determines whether it can destroy the structure. In the first case, most of those waves travel in empty space between atoms. But in the second case, the wave movement forms a standing wave in chemical bonds. And in that case, there is no need for a strong force to push atoms away. An energy impulse that travels in chemical bonds creates so-called solitons in those structures. Solitons are impacting waves. And then energy jumps back from that structure to the atom. 

If standing waves form between those atoms in empty space. Those waves also oscillate. Or when the energy level in energy stress decreases. That decreases the size of those standing waves. In that case, this movement forms low-pressure energy  around those waves, and they can pull energy out from their environment. This is why the standing wave that forms in empty space is less vulnerable than the standing wave in chemical bonds. 

https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0200

https://www.techlusive.in/artificial-intelligence/what-if-ai-could-hear-your-thoughts-sam-altman-is-building-a-device-that-can-read-your-thoughts-without-touching-your-brain-1613435/

https://www.voltaireweb.com/post/sam-altman-is-hedging-bets-on-startup-that-seeks-to-rewire-brain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon

The AI can be the new form of the ICT bubble.

 

The bubble forms in marketing when. The company's value rises very high, and there is no physical ownership. That can match the stock values. The value of those stocks that investors bought can be many times higher than the company's ownership values. So, most of the company's financial value. It's in those stockpiles. And when somebody starts to sell those stocks. That can make other stakeholders sell. If nobody buys those stocks, that drops the company's value. 

The stock exchange works like this. When somebody invests money in a company, that investor buys one part of the company. The investor who owns the biggest investment in the company holds the company order. There is a possibility. That some other person, or actor, gets the place of the chairman simply by investing more money than the other investors. Into that company. 

The next numbers. Are, for example. They are just from my head. 

In case. The investors have invested 1000$ in some company. The investor who invests 1001$. In that company, the power belongs to the investor. To deny that thing. The other investors must put more money into that company. That can cause a situation. That investors must bicker. Raising their investments. That raises the company's value. This is called the short-term. Investors are to put their money into that company. And that pumps value into that company. 

The short-term investments are things. These are used to make money. When stock values rise, the investor buys those stocks and then sells them. This brings profits to those investors. But if the company's stocks are losing their value. That can cause a situation where the money starts to escape. The problem is that the stockpile forms most of the company's value. Digital currency companies are good examples. 

Of the industry. That is based on the buying and selling of the stocks.  Digital currency is similar to stocks. The company sells stocks. And people put their money into those things. When those people want to change their digital currency into real money, they can sell or exchange that stock. Into real currency. That they want. 

If there is a signal, the digital currency will not be sold. Or, changed to real currency, which can cause panic. And people start to sell their digital currencies, which drives those stock values. This can cause the fall of those things. 

The AI is the new form of the ICT bubble. The ICT bubble formed when investors dumped their money into the web-page companies in the Early 21st century. Those investments. Raised those companies' financial values. At a very high level. That overheated markets. This meant that the stock values of those companies had no match with the companies' own ownerships in the real world. 

In that case. The ICT bubble formed because the internet became more widespread, and the rise of net-based marketing compelled companies to invest in websites. The internet was the tool that offered all companies the same marketing audience. And that's why companies ordered websites. On the internet, all companies, regardless of their size, have the same audience. The problem is that every company needs a website. There are so many websites that it's a lottery game, and the potential customers click just one website. And that one website. It is the thing that brings money to our company. 

But in the early 21st century. The net-based marketing was new. Then, all companies wanted homepages and websites. That brought many orders to companies that made websites. That brought lots of money. And interest in that business. And then investors noticed. This new web industry's potential. They bought stocks. That raises those stocks' values. Suddenly, the need to web pages ended. When there were no orders. Web-marketing companies were left with lost money. 

 Dumbing money to those companies raised their marketing values. And that brought air to those values. In that case. Where stocks form most of the company's value. The company's value. Depends on the market's stability. If some signal. Makes those stakeholders sell their ownerships. That can cause the company's value to increase very fast. 

The AI follows the path that we saw when the ICT bubble burst. The AI companies are interesting investment targets. Investors put money into those companies. And that accelerates the rise of their values. The thing is that. Those AI companies' real marketing value is much higher than their ownerships are in real life. If there is something that makes those company owners sell their own ownerships. That can cause a fast drop in those companies' marketing values. In this case, an object gets too many investments. That causes the situation. There, one signal can launch a chain reaction, and the money escapes from that industry.